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Reasoning by Mathematical Induction in Children's Arithmetic (Advances in Learning and Instruction)
Leslie Smith Manufacturer: Pergamon ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 0080441289 |
Book Description
. How do children understand reasoning by mathematical induction? Mathematical induction - Poincaré's reasoning by recurrence - is a standard form of inference with two distinctive properties. One is its necessity. The other is its universality or inference from particular to general. This means that mathematical induction is similar to both logical deduction and empirical induction, and yet is different from both.
In a major study forty years ago, Inhelder and Piaget set out two conclusions about the development of this type of reasoning in advance of logical deduction during childhood. This developmental sequence has gone unremarked in research on cognitive development.
The present study is an adaptation with a sample of one hundred children aged 5-7 years in school Years 1 and 2. There is convincing evidence that children can reason by mathematical induction on tasks based on iterative addition and that their inferences were
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Optimization in Economics and Finance: Some Advances in Non-Linear, Dynamic, Multi-Criteria and Stochastic Models (Dynamic Modeling and Econometrics in Economics and Finance)
Bruce D. Craven , and Sardar M. N. Islam Manufacturer: Springer ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover Similar Items:
ASIN: 0387242791 |
Book Description
Many optimization questions arise in economics and finance; an important example of this is the society's choice of the optimum state of the economy (the social choice problem). Optimization in Economics and Finance extends and improves the usual optimization techniques, in a form that may be adopted for modeling social choice problems. Problems discussed include: when is an optimum reached; when is it unique; relaxation of the conventional convex (or concave) assumptions on an economic model; associated mathematical concepts such as invex and quasimax; multiobjective optimal control models; and related computational methods and programs. These techniques are applied to economic growth models (including small stochastic perturbations), finance and financial investment models (and the interaction between financial and production variables), modeling sustainability over long time horizons, boundary (transversality) conditions, and models with several conflicting objectives. Although the applications are general and illustrative, the models in this book provide examples of possible models for a society's social choice for an allocation that maximizes welfare and utilization of resources. As well as using existing computer programs for optimization of models, a new computer program, named SCOM, is presented in this book for computing social choice models by optimal control.
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Differential Equations, Bifurcations, and Chaos in Economics (Series on Advances in Mathematics for Applied Sciences) (Advances in Mathematics for Applied Sciences)
Wei-Bin Zhang Manufacturer: World Scientific Publishing Company ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 9812563334 |
Product Description
Although the application of differential equations to economics is a vast and vibrant area, the subject has not been systematically studied; it is often treated as a subsidiary part of mathematical economics textbooks. This book aims to fill that void by providing a unique blend of the theory of differential equations and their exciting applications to dynamic economics. Containing not just a comprehensive introduction to the applications of the theory of linear (and linearized) differential equations to economic analysis, the book also studies nonlinear dynamical systems, which have only been widely applied to economic analysis in recent years. It provides comprehensive coverage of the most important concepts and theorems in the theory of differential equations in a way that can be understood by any reader who has a basic knowledge of calculus and linear algebra. In addition to traditional applications of the theory to economic dynamics, the book includes many recent developments in different fields of economics.
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Optimisation, Econometric and Financial Analysis (Advances in Computational Management Science)
Manufacturer: Springer ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 3540366253 |
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Negotiation Games (Routledge Advances in Game Theory, 002.)
Steven Brams Manufacturer: Routledge ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback Similar Items:
ASIN: 041530895X |
Book Description
Steven J. Brams is one of the leading game theorists of his generation. This new edition includes brand new material on topics such as fallback bargaining and principles of rational negotiation.
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Collaborative Capital: Creating Intangible Value (Advances in Interdisciplinary Studies of Work Teams)
Manufacturer: JAI Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 076231222X Release Date: 2005-07-22 |
Book Description
Intangible forms of capital are being recognized in both research and practice as essential resources for fueling company growth. Forms of intangible capital include: intellectual, organizational, human, relationship, social, political, innovation, and collaborative. This volume consists of papers that focus on collaborative capital -- broadly defined as the organizational assets that enable people to work together well. It is manifested in such outcomes as increased innovation and creativity, commitment and involvement, flexibility and adaptability, leveraging of knowledge, and enhanced learning.Collaborative capital represents a core competency or strategic resource essential for building competitive advantage by enabling the creation of networks of conversations and relationships. However, it is seldom developed in a deliberate and systematic way, but rather as an incidental outcome of formal and informal organizational change. It may be deliberately increased by change in organizational systems, practices, design, learning, and culture.
The term collaborative capital has seldom been used in research literature dealing with how people work together. Consequently, the meaning, measurement, and impact of collaborative capital in practice have not been explored to any significant extent. The papers in this volume launch that process with teaming contexts ranging from alliances and partnerships, to cross-national teams and cross-disciplinary teams.
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Modeling Spatial Housing Markets: Theory, Analysis and Policy (Advances in Urban and Regional Economics)
Geoffrey Meen Manufacturer: Springer ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover Accessories:
ASIN: 0792373073 |
Book Description
Spatial fixity is one of the characteristics that distinguishes housing from most other goods and services in the economy. In general, housing cannot be moved from one part of the country to another in response to shortages or excesses in particular areas. The modelling of housing markets and the interlinkages between markets at different spatial levels - international, national, regional and urban - are the main themes of this book.
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Mathematical Location and Land Use Theory: An Introduction (Advances in Spatial Science)
Tönu Puu Manufacturer: Springer ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 3540009310 |
Book Description
Covers all main topics of spatial economics, plant location, the theory of nested market areas, including rank-size relations, spatial competition and pricing, land use theory and the emergence of specialization and trade, commuting and traffic distributions according to the gravity and entropy hypotheses, migration, and the layout of transportation networks. A strong focus is on the continuous two dimensional geographical space, with Beckmann's continuous flow model as central piece. Another feature is a focus on structural stability rather than optimality of emergent patterns. All the specific mathematical tools needed are developed within context. The whole approach is intuitive, and supported by lavish computer graphics. The new edition contains extensive material on spatial competition, oligopoly theory in Hotelling's setup. The Hotelling case is formally worked out with elastic demand, which limits the occurrence of some of the confusing paradoxes Hotelling found for inelastic demand.
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Scalable Enterprise Systems: An Introduction to Recent Advances (Integrated Series in Information Systems)
Manufacturer: Springer ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 1402074913 |
Book Description
The growth in Internet and Information Technology (IT) has led to revolutionary changes in the way businesses are managed and operated. These IT changes have been largely characterized with the term, globalization, and these globalized changes in modern business are increasing at a rapid pace. Moreover, globalization requires rapid growth and dramatic changes in the business and market environments.
Enterprises must be scalable to support such changes and unprecedented growth. Hence, there is an immediate need for a single reference book that identifies the multiple dimensions of scalability and enterprise systems. This book will fulfill this need. Its objectives are as follows:
*To create a single source of literature to address the emerging area of scalable enterprise systems.
*To address the multi-disciplinary research needs stemming from engineering, computer science and business.
*To address the design, modelling, analysis, implementation and experimentation needs of scalable enterprise systems.
*To act as a springboard for much of the ongoing research in the field of Scalable Enterprise Systems.
Scalable Enterprises Systems: An Introduction to Recent Advances addresses six key ideas related to scalable enterprise systems. Chapters 1, 2 and 3 address the modelling aspects of enterprise systems. Chapter 4 discusses distributed control of such systems. Chapter 5 discusses the information systems modelling and implementation of the enterprise system with a transportation example. Given that enterprise systems produce and deal with large volumes of data, data mining is taken as a topic in Chapter 6. The need for a research test-bed is critical to study and analyze enterprise systems and this is the topic of Chapter 7. Implementation level details play a vital role in studying the scalability of large-scale systems. Chapters 8, 9 and 10 deal with several applied and implementation aspects, such as publish-subscribe middleware, auctions in the context of reverse logistics, and value net implementation.
This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of logistics, supply chain management, transportation, and enterprise integration. It will be of special interest to professionals in IT at the detailed implementation level and at the strategic level.
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Network Economics: A Variational Inequality Approach (Advances in Computational Economics)
A. Nagurney Manufacturer: Springer ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 0792383508 |
Book Description
The second and revised edition of Network Economics: A Variational Inequality Approach provides an updated treatment of network economics through the inclusion of new theoretical results and new applications, as well as problems for self-study purposes and/or for use in the classroom. This volume remains true to the first edition in that it provides a unified treatment of finite-dimensional variational inequalities, algorithms, and applications. Physical networks are pervasive in today's society in the form of transportation networks, telecommunication networks, energy networks, and financial networks, whereas mathematical networks provide a mechanism for studying a plethora of economic equilibrium problems through a common graphic structure. Network Economics establishes the connections among economic equilibrium problems through their network structure and demonstrates how the structure can then be used to address policy interventions, as well as to construct efficient numerical schemes for the computation of equilibria. The network framework provides not only a mechanism for the graphic representation of economic problems and a means for visualizing their similarities and differences, but, in addition, a novel theoretical approach. Problems treated include: congested transportation systems, oligopolistic market equilibrium problems, problems of human migration, and general financial and economic equilibrium problems. New applications covered in this second edition include environmental networks and knowledge networks.Books:
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