History: Fiction or Science? (Chronology, No. 1)

Book Description

Recorded history is a finely-woven magic fabric of intricate lies about events predating the sixteenth century. There is not a single piece of evidence that can be reliably and independently traced back earlier than the eleventh century. This book details events that are substantiated by hard facts and logic, and validated by new astronomical research and statistical analysis of ancient sources.

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Has history been tampered with?.......2007-10-23

Watch Video Here: http://www.amazon.com/review/RAZQNMXM4M9CL Has history been tampered with? Yes, it has! Did events and eras such as the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, the Roman Empire , the Dark Ages, and the Renaissance, actually occur within a very different chronology from what we've been told? Yes, they certainly did!

The history of humankind is both drastically shorter and dramatically different than generally presumed.

Why is it so? On one hand, it was usual custom to justify the claims to title and land by age and ancestry, and on the other the court historians knew only too well how to please their masters. The so called universal classic world history is a pack of intricate lies for all events prior to the 16th century. World history as we learn it today was entirely fabricated in the 16th-18th centuries. It's likely that nobody told you before, but

there is not a single piece of firm written evidence or artefact that is reliably and independently dated prior to the 11th century.

Naturally, after what you've learned in school and university, you will not easily believe that the classical history of ancient Rome, Greece, Asia, Egypt, China, Japan, India, etc., is manifestly false.

You will point accusing finger to the pyramids in Egypt, to the Coliseum in Rome and Great Wall of China etc., and claim, aren't they really ancient, thousands of years ancient? Well, there is no valid scientific proof that they are older than 1000 years!

The oldest original written document that can be reliably dated belongs to the 11th century!

New research asserts that Homo sapiens invented writing (including hieroglyphics) only 1000 years ago. Once invented, writing skills were immediately and irreversibly put to the use of ruling powers and science.

The consensual chronology we live with was essentially crafted in the 16th century by the Jesuits.

The world history was compiled from contradictory mix of innumerable copies of ancient Latin and Greek manuscripts and other irrefutable proofs delivered by late mediaeval astronomers that were cemented by the authority of writings of the Church Fathers.

Early in life, we learn about ancient history. Children love the magical lessons of history - they are like fairy tales. Teachers recite breathtaking stories; very soon We learn by heart the names and deeds of brave warriors, wise philosophers, fabulous pharaohs, cunning high priests and greedy scribes.

We learn of gigantic pyramids and sinister castles, kings and queens, dukes and barons, powerful heroes and beautiful ladies, emaciated saints and low-life traitors.

Ancient history is based documents, manuscripts, printed books, paintings, monuments and artefacts - called primary sources.

The problem is that neither these ancient documents, nor events described therein can be irrefutably dated, moreover they contradict each other for the most part.

When a school textbook tells us that Genghis Khan in year X or Alexander in year Y, have each conquered half of the world, it means only that it is so said in some of the written sources.

There are no answers to simple questions:

When were these primary sources written?

Where and by whom were these sources found?

It is wrongly presumed that ancient and medieval chronicles, written by Genghis Khan's or Alexander the Great contemporaries and eyewitnesses, are readily available. Actually, only sources written hundreds or even thousands of years after the events are there, compiled mostly in the 16th 18th centuries, or even later.

As a rule, these sources suffered considerable multiple manipulations, falsifications and distortions by editing. At the same time,

innumerable originals of ancient documents under various pretexts were destroyed in Europe under various pretexts.

The names of persons and geographical sites often changed meaning and location during the course of the centuries.

Geographical locations became clearly defined on maps only with the advent of printing.

This made possible the circulation of identical copies of the same map for purposes of the military, navigation, education and governance tasks.

Historians from Oxford say: "hey, everybody knows that Julius Caesar lived in the first century B.C.

`Julius Caesar' statement is only a point of view as

there is simply no irrefutable documentary proof that Julius Caesar or any other great name of antiquity ever existed.

Better than that - extremely rare sources that can be reliably dated back to the 10th-14th centuries A D, do not show the polished picture of classical history.

They show a picture both contradictory and confusing.

All methods of dating of ancient sources and artefacts are erroneous:

Radio-carbon C14 method produces dating with exactitude of plus minus 1500 years, therefore it is too crude for dating of events in historical timeframe!

The Almagest tractate, which lies as corner stone contemporary chronology, compiled in the 2nd century A D by Ptolemy, the founding father of astronomy, contains astronomical data of 9th to 16th century!

The Bronze Age,that has supposedly began 5000 years ago. Bronze is made of 90% copper and 10% tin, but the technology for tin extraction dates back to 14th century A D!.

All eclipses contained in manuscripts, like Thucydides one, relating 'ancient' events have exclusively medieval dating. All horoscopes cut in stone or painted in Egyptian temples, like Dendera have exclusively early medieval dating solutions.

Not quite what you have learned in school? Open your eyes, and, you will find sufficient proof to reach step by step the inevitable conclusion that the classical chronology is false and therefore, that the history of ancient and medieval world universally accepted today, is also false. Have a fresh outlook on everything said or printed about "ancient" and "enigmatic" Roman, Greek and Egyptian, medieval as well as all other "lost and found" civilizations.

Antiquity and Dark Ages are phantoms invented in the 16th 18th and polished in 19th 20thcenturies. Human civilization is in fact barely 1000 years old!

This book will change your perception of History forever!
What if Ancient Rome, Greece and Egypt were invented during Renaissance?
What if The Old Testament was a rendition of events of the Middle Ages?
What if Jesus Christ was born in 1053 and crucified in 1086 AD?
Sounds Unbelievable?
Not after you've read "History: Fiction or Science?" by Anatoly Fomenko, the genius mathematician.
Armed with astronomy and computers Anatoly Fomenko turns History into a rocket science.

Calculations are only as good as your numbers.......2007-08-03

Yes, we can all agree that mainstream history is nearly 100% BS due to politics, economics, ego, problems with dating techniques, and various conspiracies. Agreed. But, I've been researching the distinct possibility that human history (in terms of civilizations) are much more ancient than we've been told, so coming across this book was very interesting to me. I wondered how Fomenko could be wrong (if at all) because he is very persuasive in his presentations. Then it dawned on me. If at previous times in prehistory, due to the various catastrophies that are well documented (comets, asteroids, planetary disruptions, plasma discharge, pole reversals, etc) the Earth was in a different position in relation to the sun, different tilt on its axis, different orbit, different rotation (in terms of velocity and DIRECTION), and the continents were in different positions, then would this not cause the ancients to see the sky (constellations) differently? In other words, is Fomenko making erronious assumptions about the physics of the Earth in pre-history, which then corrupt his data with regards to dating the relevant astrology? The last event to seriously disrupt our planet occured roughly 3500 years ago, according to other good researchers, so is it possible Fomenko has been confused by this? The vastly different physics of our planet in the not so distant past may explain this confusion, which is not to say the "mainstream" version of history is correct; on the contrary. I am not an expert in these fields, but wanted to see if this idea could spark discussion.

Pants on fire?.......2007-07-19

Will people ever read before spamming? Yes, Jesuits could not rewrite world history alone, they had help. Anyway, Dr Prof Acad A.Fomenko does not point to jesuits as the driving force of world wide history manipulation in published volumes 1,2,3;, actually he barely mentions the poor devils. Check it with 'Search inside' feature, please. China is rarely mentioned either, in fact, Dr Fomenko is completely eurocentric. Right, his theory contradicts all mainstream schools of history, because in their actual state they are all built on blatantly erroneus chronology. You don't need a mysterious cabal (conspiracy) to falsify history, the falsification is its modus operandi. It is inherent to history(ians) to falsify (distort) events, as it is inherent to humans to boast as it is inherent to power (authority) to legimize itself by referrring to glorious past made to its own order. Dr Prof Fomenko and team have identified scores of instances of such manipulation in Russian, European, etc.. history, and delivered valid statistical proof thereof. His own 'reconstruction' is completely another story. Forget c14 as a valid method of dating. W.Libby has initially discovered a brilliant method of INDEPENDENT dating. Too bad, c14 method has become a joke after a forced marrige with dendrochronology with consensual chronological scale inbuilt. Radiocarbon method can't stand blind tests, but is so very productive as a rubberstamp.

Accepted History & Chronology Must Be Changed. .......2007-04-09

There is no doubt that history as most know it is a sham, & institution's version of History both University & Church is fradulent & inaccurate. Everything was established with an agenda, The real "Dark Ages" are now when we have access to incredible amounts of information past authorities & more important 'common folk' didn't have but our institutions & educators are slow to evolve because of what has ignorantly & arrogantly been taught for too long. This is on many subjects not just Chronology.

For anyone to question "Why would a Mathematician have anything credible to say of History?" The answer is from Dr. Fomenko's preface in the book: "It would be worthwhile to remind the reader that in the XVI-XVII century Chronology was considered to be a subdivision of Mathematics." These volumes could possibly be some of the most important works to date & should be read by everyone with an interest in History, especially professors & educators who have a duty to the public. I have read both books & must say that 'Chronology 1' has some very eye opening & revolutionary information. Even if these volumes are part true the implications are profound & opens the doors to further investigations & questions which must be done. I speak several different lanquages & must say the logic Dr. Fomenko uses with "inflection" of words & words being read from left to right in one region & right to left in another then written backwards, the removal of vowels & get down to basics of words, or different cities & locations having the same name etc. is correct. Vowel usage has always been optional & varied, actually complicating linquistics & study. The first thing one has to understand is that words never had a fixed spelling in history like we do now, the spelling of words was mutable & regional, as well as names & titles of people were vast, varied & changed, NOTHING WAS FIXED or understood linear. Matters of Life & Death as well as financial profiteering yesterday & today were & are made with ignorant, illogical & conspiratorial views of history & reality, it's time people get closer to the Truth & society collectively grow up.

Very Interesting.......2007-03-07

It is a good proposal and I believe it will mature into something even better in the future. I think it deserves to be read.

Economic Analysis and Moral Philosophy (Cambridge Surveys of Economic Literature)

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Dragging economics and ethics within handshaking distance

Economic Analysis and Moral Philosophy (Cambridge Surveys of Economic Literature)
Daniel M. Hausman , and Michael S. McPherson
Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0521558506

Book Description

Understanding moral philosophy can help one to do economics better, and philosophers can learn by drawing on economic insights and analytical tools. This book argues that standard views of rationality lead economists to espouse questionable moral principles, and discusses methods of economic evaluation in terms of welfare and other moral criteria. It also contains a brief discussion of the relevance of social choice and game theory to philosophy. There is a glossary and at the end of each chapter are suggestions for further reading.

Customer Reviews:

Dragging economics and ethics within handshaking distance.......2001-08-15

Why should economists bother studying moral philosophy? So that they will be better economists.

At least, that's what Daniel Hausman and Michael McPherson argue in this fine book. They also want to get moral philosophers interested in economic theory, but that's a secondary aim; this book is primarily directed at economists.

Why is it that people who pride themselves on doing Wertfrei (value-free) positive economics are so often the first people to think they are in a position, even the best position, to settle large normative policy questions? Hausman and McPherson say it's because positive economics isn't really "value-free" at all.

Why not? Well, according to our authors (and by the way, they're right), economists tend to identify human well-being with preference satisfaction, apparently in blissful unawareness that they are thereby committing themselves to a highly controversial ethical theory. Moreoever, those same economists tend to invoke a minimal, "thin" notion of _rationality_ that really means nothing more than efficient adjustment of means to ends in the satisfaction of preferences. The question whether some preferences may themselves be irrational tends not to be raised (by economists, that is; Hausman and McPherson are happy to name several moral philosophers -- e.g. Nagel and Parfit -- who have not only raised the question but answered it affirmatively).

In consequence positive economics is not even close to "value-free." By way of their implicit acceptance of well-being-as-preference-satisfaction together with their reliance on rationality-as-means/end-adjustment, economists have quite definitely and unambiguously imported a foundational ethical theory into their analysis. No wonder, then, that they feel uniquely qualified to pronounce on normative policy matters.

And no wonder they're not _really_ thus qualified. For the facts are that the moral theory on which they are relying is highly questionable, and that in any case genuine experts don't espouse moral theories by accident. (I should add at once that there are plenty of positive economists who are aware of this problem even if they're not sure what to do about it; see e.g. Steven Landsburg's _The Armchair Economist_, which I have also reviewed.)

Hausman and McPherson want to remedy this problem by getting economists interested in moral philosophy. So their book presents a short but thorough tour of the field, especially as it relates to economics. The reader is briefly and by turns introduced to utilitarianism and consequentialism; libertarianism; egalitarianism; and contractualism.

Readers should be aware that this is _only_ a tour; Hausman and McPherson are highly critical of the moral theory underlying "welfare economics," but they do not give their critical faculties much of a workout when discussing alternative theories. However, as an introduction to what the alternative theories actually say, their exposition is excellent and insightful. And they have a healthy sense that well-being is not simply a matter of "preference-satisfaction," even if they are a little shy about saying what _else_ it is. (And as a libertarian myself, I am happy to say that their chapter on libertarian theory is one of the better accounts written by nonlibertarians.)

A final portion of the book, in a nod to the ethical philosophers at whom the book is aimed secondarily, presents a little bit of economic theory for those who may not be familiar with it. This stuff comes a little late in the exposition, and for some reason the authors limit themselves to social choice theory and game theory. But these are good enough choices although far from exhaustive, and the authors do a nice job with them.

Then an appendix deals with a fairly meaty issue: why should ethics matter to economics? This portion could probably have come earlier in the book too, dealing as it does with the main point of the volume. But wherever it belongs, it raises and effectively answers a series of typical objections to the claim that economists should know something about moral philosophy.

I should add in closing that their bibliographic information is just splendid, not only in economic theory but also in ethics. A reader unfamiliar with either field can use these references as an introduction. These guys know the literature.

Book Description

This book shows through accessible argument and numerous examples how understanding moral philosophy can improve economic analysis, how moral philosophy can benefit from economists’ analytical tools, and how economic analysis and moral philosophy together can inform public policy. Part I explores rationality and its connections to morality. It argues that in defending their model of rationality, mainstream economists implicitly espouse contestable moral principles. Part II concerns welfare, utilitarianism and standard welfare economics, while Part III considers important moral notions that are left out of standard welfare economics, such as freedom, rights, equality, and justice. Part III also emphasizes the variety of moral considerations that are relevant to evaluating policies. Part IV then introduces technical work in social choice theory and game theory that is guided by ethical concepts and relevant to moral theorizing. Chapters include recommended readings and the book includes a glossary of relevant terms.

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This book shows through accessible argument and numerous examples how understanding moral philosophy can improve economic analysis, how moral philosophy can benefit from economists' analytical tools, and how economic analysis and moral philosophy together can inform public policy. Part I explores rationality and its connections to morality. It argues that in defending their model of rationality, mainstream economists implicitly espouse contestable moral principles. Part II concerns welfare, utilitarianism and standard welfare economics, while Part III considers important moral notions that are left out of standard welfare economics, such as freedom, rights, equality, and justice. Part III also emphasizes the variety of moral considerations that are relevant to evaluating policies. Part IV then introduces technical work in social choice theory and game theory that is guided by ethical concepts and relevant to moral theorizing. Chapters include recommended readings and the book includes a glossary of relevant terms.

Long-Run Economic Relationships: Readings in Cointegration (Advanced Texts in Econometrics)

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Long-Run Economic Relationships: Readings in Cointegration (Advanced Texts in Econometrics)

Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
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ASIN: 0198283393

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This is a survey of recent developments in the field of cointegration, which links long run components of a pair or of a group of series. It can then be used to discuss some types of equilibrium and to introduce them into time-series models in a fairly uncontroversial way. The idea was introduced in the early 1980s and has generated much interest since then amongst econometricians and macroeconomists. The authors discuss the basic ideas in their introduction, and the final chapters review the most recent developments in the field in a non-technical way that will enable economists with some training in modern econometrics to understand and appreciate these developments.

Weighing Goods: Equality, Uncertainty and Time (Economics & Philosophy)

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Weighing Goods: Equality, Uncertainty and Time (Economics & Philosophy)
John Broome
Manufacturer: Blackwell Publishing Limited
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ASIN: 0631199721

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This study uses techniques from economics to illuminate fundamental questions in ethics, particularly in the foundations of utilitarianism. Topics considered include the nature of teleological ethics, the foundations of decision theory, the value of equality and the moral significance of a person's continuing identity through time.

Ethics and Analysis: Philosophical Perspectives and Their Application in Therapy (Carolyn and Ernest Fay Series in Analytical Psychology, No 13)

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Ethics and Analysis: Philosophical Perspectives and Their Application in Therapy (Carolyn and Ernest Fay Series in Analytical Psychology, No 13)
Luigi Zoja
Manufacturer: Texas A&M University Press
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ASIN: 1585445789

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Most books on psychoanalytical ethics focus on rules, but author Luigi Zoja argues that ethics is really concerned with personal decisions--as is analysis itself. Rules are defined by others and center on punishment, but the purpose of analysis is to free the individual to make choices from his or her own "best" psychological and emotional center while still respecting society. Rules establish black and white; real ethics and psychological understanding both operate in the gray zone. Rules emerge from Enlightenment rationality; true ethics proceeds from choices and thus cannot be given in advance or be satisfied by respecting the rational part of the psyche only.

After considering the nature of ethics, Zoja turns to Immanuel Kant and Max Weber for a practical consideration of therapeutic relationships. He applies his ethical principles to the first psychoanalytical cases (Anna O. and Sabine Spielrein) described by Freud and Jung. In his thorough examination of these original examples, Zoja balances the traditional ethic of rules and law with the "new ethic" proposed by Erich Neumann. The result is an appreciation of the complex--at times even contradictory--yet healing nature of analysis.

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Strongly recommended reading for students of economic theory

Crossing the Mainstream: Ethical and Methodological Issues in Economics

Manufacturer: University of Notre Dame Press
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ASIN: 0268022674

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Strongly recommended reading for students of economic theory.......2001-09-08

In Crossing The Mainstream: Ethical And Methodological Issues In Economics, editors Amitava K. Dutt and Kenneth P. Jameson effectively collaborate to compile a series of outstanding papers authored by present and former colleagues, students and collaborators of Professor Charles K. Wilber on the occasion of his retirement from the Department of Economics at the University of Notre Dame. The contributors offer alternative methods of analysis and addressing ethical issues and unanswered methodological questions in their field. The issues addressed include the ethical considerations regarding development, growth, globalization, consumption, and public policies. The specific topics range from the interrelation of economic growth and income distribution, to the costs of globalization for developing countries, to the assumptions that an increased consumption translates into increased happiness in an affluent economy, to the implications of various proposals for Social Security reform. Contributors also examine the history of economics and contemporary practice, including the current economic orthodox, the tension between foundationalism and relativism, and the role of the National Science Foundation in creating an "economics cartel". Crossing The Mainstream is strongly recommended reading for students of economic theory, as well as practicing and professional economists, whether in the private or the public sector.

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Ethics in Modeling

Manufacturer: Pergamon
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The use of mathematical models to support decision making is proliferating in both the public and private sectors. Advances in computer technology and greater opportunities to learn the appropriate techniques are extending modeling capabilities to more and more people.

As powerful decision aids, models can be both beneficial or harmful. At present, few safeguards exist to prevent model builders or users from deliberately, carelessly, or recklessly manipulating data to further their own ends. Perhaps more importantly, few people understand or appreciate that harm can be caused when builders or users fail to recognize the values and assumptions on which a model is based or fail to take into account all the groups who would be affected by a model's results.

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This digital document is an article from The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, published by Thomson Gale on November 1, 2006. The length of the article is 9205 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: This article offers a monetary analysis of Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) and examines both their moral and economic significance as well as the way in which these two aspects may conflict. After considering LETS' principles and history, I review three monetary theories in order to ascertain how one might best explore these phenomena. By drawing on the "Chartalist" tradition in monetary theory, I show (1) how strongly oriented LETS are to the formal market economy, from which, it is held, they detach themselves, and (2) that they do not effect a return to barter or an abolition of money, as is sometimes claimed. Both points become clear when one pays due attention to the primary function of money as money-of-account. In the final section, I consider LETS empirically and compare their structural potentials with their concrete form. LETS' members are motivated less by pecuniary gain than by the desire to build community and realize certain values. Participants have little motivation to expand LETS, which are therefore destined to remain small and ineffectual in offering an alternative to the unemployed and less well-off. Indeed, were LETS to grow in size, the moral commitment required of members would come into conflict with the growing financial interests at stake.

Citation Details
Title: The moral economy of parallel currencies: an analysis of local exchange trading systems.
Author: Mark S. Peacock
Publication: The American Journal of Economics and Sociology (Magazine/Journal)
Date: November 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 65 Issue: 5 Page: 1059(25)

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Morality, Rationality, and Efficiency: New Perspectives on Socio-Economics (Studies in Socio-Economics)

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Morality, Rationality, and Efficiency: New Perspectives on Socio-Economics (Studies in Socio-Economics)

Manufacturer: M.E. Sharpe
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