Music Fundamentals, Methods, and Materials for the Elementary Classroom Teacher (with Audio CD) (4th Edition)
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    Music Fundamentals, Methods, and Materials for the Elementary Classroom Teacher (with Audio CD) (4th Edition)
    Michon Rozmajzl , and Rene Boyer
    Manufacturer: Allyn & Bacon
    ProductGroup: Book
    Binding: Ring-bound

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    ASIN: 0205449646
    Global Pharmaceuticals: Ethics, Markets, Practices
    Average customer rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    • Easy and Interesting
    Global Pharmaceuticals: Ethics, Markets, Practices

    Manufacturer: Duke University Press
    ProductGroup: Book
    Binding: Paperback

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    5. Ethics and the Pharmaceutical Industry Ethics and the Pharmaceutical Industry

    ASIN: 082233741X

    Book Description

    In some parts of the world spending on pharmaceuticals is astronomical. In others people do not have access to basic or life-saving drugs. Individuals struggle to afford medications; whole populations are neglected, considered too poor to constitute profitable markets for the development and distribution of necessary drugs. The ethnographies brought together in this timely collection analyze both the dynamics of the burgeoning international pharmaceutical trade and the global inequalities that emerge from and are reinforced by market-driven medicine. They demonstrate that questions about who will be treated and who will not filter through every phase of pharmaceutical production, from preclinical research to human testing, marketing, distribution, prescription, and consumption.

    Whether considering how American drug companies seek to create a market for antidepressants in Japan, how Brazil has created a model HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment program, or how the urban poor in Delhi understand and access healthcare, these essays illuminate the roles of corporations, governments, NGOs, and individuals in relation to global pharmaceuticals. Some essays show how individual and communal identities are affected by the marketing and availability of medications. Among these are an exploration of how the pharmaceutical industry shapes popular and expert understandings of mental illness in North America and Great Britain. There is also an examination of the agonizing choices facing Ugandan families trying to finance AIDS treatment. Several essays explore the inner workings of the emerging international pharmaceutical regime. One looks at the expanding quest for clinical research subjects; another at the entwining of science and business interests in the Argentine market for psychotropic medications. By bringing the moral calculations involved in the production and distribution of pharmaceuticals into stark relief, this collection charts urgent new territory for social scientific research.

    Contributors. Kalman Applbaum, João Biehl, Ranendra K. Das, Veena Das, David Healy, Arthur Kleinman, Betty Kyaddondo, Andrew Lakoff, Anne Lovell, Lotte Meinert, Adriana Petryna, Michael A. Whyte, Susan Reynolds Whyte

    Customer Reviews:

    5 out of 5 stars Easy and Interesting.......2007-03-09

    quick and cheap delivery, book is in great condition. the book itself is compiled of different authors so it covers a range of issues from different perspectives. The tone is more informative than defensive ar argumentative.
    Leadership for Students: A Practical Guide for Ages 8-18
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      Leadership for Students: A Practical Guide for Ages 8-18
      Frances A. Karnes
      Manufacturer: Prufrock Press
      ProductGroup: Book
      Binding: Paperback

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      1. Designing Student Leadership Programs: Transforming the Leadership Potential of Youth, Third Edition Designing Student Leadership Programs: Transforming the Leadership Potential of Youth, Third Edition
      2. The Jump Start Leadership Workbook Volume 2: Leading Others The Jump Start Leadership Workbook Volume 2: Leading Others
      3. Caring for Kids in Communities: Using Mentorship, Peer Support, & Student Leadership Programs in Schools (Counterpoints (New York, N.Y.), Vol. 12.) Caring for Kids in Communities: Using Mentorship, Peer Support, & Student Leadership Programs in Schools (Counterpoints (New York, N.Y.), Vol. 12.)
      4. The Student Leadership Guide The Student Leadership Guide
      5. Leadership 101: An Interactive Leadership Development Guide for Students Leadership 101: An Interactive Leadership Development Guide for Students

      ASIN: 1882664124

      Book Description

      Leadership for Students explodes with positive ideas and activities that will help your students discover their leadership abilities. The activities throughout the book stimulate the exploration of ideas and encourage critical thinking about leadership. The Washington Post and the U.S. Department of Education have cited this book as an exceptional leadership development tool for young people.

      You will find guidance and advice about moving into leadership positions at home, school, and in the community in this book. Including real-life stories on how students your age took on responsibility, this book is a must for anyone wanting to make a difference.

      With exciting learning activities like designing a public relations campaign, contacting a local radio station, interviewing community leaders, and developing and implementing a plan for becoming a leader, this is the essential leadership book for the 21st century. This book emphasizes the development of leadership skills in a variety of areas. Because young leaders can be found in many different fields, the authors of Leadership for Students emphasize leadership skills in a variety of settings, including leadership in the classroom, school activities, and in the community.

      Grades 3-12
      Mastering the Techniques of Teaching
      Average customer rating: 5 out of 5 stars
      • Among THE VERY BEST books on college teaching
      • Very useful descriptions of masterful University teaching.
      Mastering the Techniques of Teaching
      Joseph Lowman
      Manufacturer: Jossey-Bass
      ProductGroup: Book
      Binding: Paperback

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      1. McKeachie's Teaching Tips (College Teaching) McKeachie's Teaching Tips (College Teaching)
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      3. Designing and Assessing Courses and Curricula: A Practical Guide (Jossey Bass Higher and Adult Education Series) Designing and Assessing Courses and Curricula: A Practical Guide (Jossey Bass Higher and Adult Education Series)
      4. Tools for Teaching (Jossey Bass Higher and Adult Education Series) Tools for Teaching (Jossey Bass Higher and Adult Education Series)
      5. The Craft of Teaching: A Guide to Mastering the Professor's Art The Craft of Teaching: A Guide to Mastering the Professor's Art

      ASIN: 078795568X

      Book Description

      Now in Paperback!

      "Masterfully balancing the practitioner's need for concrete suggestions and the scholar's quest for intriguing ideas, this book offers tips to be tried in class tomorrow and ideas to be mused on for months."
      --Maryellen Weimer, professor, Penn State University-Berks Campus

      "I have used the first edition of Joe Lowman's book for years and found it most helpful. The new edition is a must for teachers and faculty developers."
      --Milt Cox, University Director for Teaching Effectivness Programs, Miami University

      In this second edition of his classic resource, Joseph Lowman expands on his earlier model of effective teaching to place greater emphasis on motivational skill and commitment to teaching. He presents a practical new learning model that compares six sources of influence on what and how students learn in a college course. All types of teachers and instructors will discover options on how to organize classes and use group work to promote learning. They will also find a checklist for assessing their classroom performance on video, detailed instructions for using video analysis to improve their technique, and an innovative approach to evaluating their overall performance.

      Customer Reviews:

      5 out of 5 stars Among THE VERY BEST books on college teaching.......2007-10-21

      I was turned onto this book my one of my teachers in formal pedagogy, whom I felt was a great teacher in his own right, and I am ever grateful.
      Lowman begins from this definition: "A classroom is an emotionally charged interpersonal arena in which a wide range of psychological phenomena occur." Also, he begins with a challenge: "Beyond a solid mastery of one's subject, college teaching of the highest order appears to be a complex task requiring the ability of communicate well with students, whether in large or small groups or in formal or informal settings, and to relate to them as people in ways they find positive and motivating."
      Lowman's strength is in his ability to chart in clear and ordered contours the recognition of the best course of action to be taken in a given context. He refrences a number of interesting sources, of which two impressed as being of primary importance: the 1970 Mann Group Study and a book by Duffy and Jones, entitled 'Teaching Within the Rhythms of the Semester' (1995). Although I'm not crazy about typologies, I found the Mann Group findings truly helpful in dealing with the continual flux of people that come to my classroom, each with varying presuppositions, life challenges, and diverse backgrounds, which must be sorted and dealt with quickly and effectively in creating positive learning environments. The Mann typing of students gives a quick and accurate paradigm for categorizing behavior which I've found very useful for building community in the classroom.
      Lowman's ability to apply pedogagic studies such as these to specific contexts that arise in the course of instruction puts college teaching on grid - which is to locate for the aspiring teacher a modus operandi which leads to classroom success. His masterful, accessible, and graphlike insights have helped me organize my teaching and classroom presence as no other work I've read on a skill set - in the use of which one can never improve oneself enough.

      5 out of 5 stars Very useful descriptions of masterful University teaching........1999-08-04

      This book provides examples of inspirational teaching and techniques for reaching students. For me it ranks up there right next to Wilbert McKeachie's "Teaching Tips".
      Uncertain Times: Kenneth Arrow and the Changing Economics of Health Care
      Average customer rating: Not rated
        Uncertain Times: Kenneth Arrow and the Changing Economics of Health Care
        Peter J. Hammer
        Manufacturer: Duke University Press
        ProductGroup: Book
        Binding: Paperback

        Economic ConditionsEconomic Conditions | Economics | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books
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        ASIN: 0822332485

        Book Description

        This volume revisits the Nobel Prize-winning economist Kenneth Arrow’s classic 1963 essay “Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care” in light of the many changes in American health care since its publication. Arrow’s groundbreaking piece, reprinted in full here, argued that while medicine was subject to the same models of competition and profit maximization as other industries, concepts of trust and morals also played key roles in understanding medicine as an economic institution and in balancing the asymmetrical relationship between medical providers and their patients. His conclusions about the medical profession’s failures to “insure against uncertainties” helped initiate the reevaluation of insurance as a public and private good.

        Coming from diverse backgrounds—economics, law, political science, and the health care industry itself—the contributors use Arrow’s article to address a range of present-day health-policy questions. They examine everything from health insurance and technological innovation to the roles of charity, nonprofit institutions, and self-regulation in addressing medical needs. The collection concludes with a new essay by Arrow, in which he reflects on the health care markets of the new millennium. At a time when medical costs continue to rise, the ranks of the uninsured grow, and uncertainty reigns even among those with health insurance, this volume looks back at a seminal work of scholarship to provide critical guidance for the years ahead.

        Contributors
        Linda H. Aiken
        Kenneth J. Arrow
        Gloria J. Bazzoli
        M. Gregg Bloche
        Lawrence Casalino
        Michael Chernew
        Richard A. Cooper
        Victor R. Fuchs
        Annetine C. Gelijns
        Sherry A. Glied
        Deborah Haas-Wilson
        Mark A. Hall
        Peter J. Hammer
        Clark C. Havighurst
        Peter D. Jacobson
        Richard Kronick
        Michael L. Millenson
        Jack Needleman
        Richard R. Nelson
        Mark V. Pauly
        Mark A. Peterson
        Uwe E. Reinhardt
        James C. Robinson
        William M. Sage
        J. B. Silvers
        Frank A. Sloan
        Joshua Graff Zivin
        Profits Before People?: Ethical Standards and the Marketing of Prespcription Drugs (Bioethics and the Humanities)
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          Profits Before People?: Ethical Standards and the Marketing of Prespcription Drugs (Bioethics and the Humanities)
          Leonard J. Weber
          Manufacturer: Indiana University Press
          ProductGroup: Book
          Binding: Hardcover

          EthicsEthics | Business Life | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books
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          3. On the Take: How Medicine's Complicity with Big Business Can Endanger Your Health On the Take: How Medicine's Complicity with Big Business Can Endanger Your Health
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          5. Ethics and the Pharmaceutical Industry Ethics and the Pharmaceutical Industry

          ASIN: 0253347483

          Book Description

          The pharmaceutical industry has come under intense criticism in recent years. One poll found that 70% of the sample agreed that drug companies put profits ahead of people. Is this perception accurate? Have drug companies traded ethics for profits and placed people at risk?

          In Profits before People? Leonard J. Weber exposes pharmaceutical industry practices that have raised ethical concerns. Providing systematic ethical analysis and reflection, he discusses such practices as compensating physicians for serving as speakers or consultants, providing incentives to physicians to enroll patients as subjects in clinical research, and advertising prescription drugs to the public through the mass media. Weber's critique of the industry is stern. While acknowledging that new industry guidelines are promising, he finds much room for improvement in the way drug companies market their products. Yet Weber makes a strong case that profits and ethics can coexist and that they are not mutually exclusive.

          In an effort to understand the proper place of commerce in disseminating information about new drugs, the book aims to clarify basic responsibilities and to help identify sound ethical practices. It recognizes that ethics and law are not the same, that "having a right" is different from "doing the right thing," and that taking ethics seriously means recognizing that the law does not answer all questions about what is right. Weber points the way to more demanding standards and better practices that might begin to restore confidence in the drug industry.
          Major Problems in American Business History: Documents And Essays (Major Problems in American History)
          Average customer rating: 5 out of 5 stars
          • A volume of gems on business and history
          Major Problems in American Business History: Documents And Essays (Major Problems in American History)

          Manufacturer: Houghton Mifflin Company
          ProductGroup: Book
          Binding: Paperback

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          4. Gain Gain
          5. Dream and Thought in the Business Community, 1860-1900 Dream and Thought in the Business Community, 1860-1900

          ASIN: 0618044264

          Customer Reviews:

          5 out of 5 stars A volume of gems on business and history .......2006-05-28

          Business has always been part of American life, and it is impossible to understand either the history of living or the history of business without knowing something of the other. This book, which should really be called Major *Solutions* in Business and Economic History, offers an extraordinary opportunity to learn about both business and life in America. You won't have to read this book from cover-to-cover to enjoy it. It consists of dozens of carefully selected short essays by leading scholars and over a hundred fascinating documents from original sources, such as pieces by Benjamin Franklin and Andrew Carnegie on success. Others include one by John Wanamaker on how to run a department store in 1911 and one from 1893 on the proper business roles for women. Some "documents" are actually images from the past, which add to the pleasure. Although this book was intended primarily for classroom use, everyone will enjoy it who has an interest in U.S. business, how its multiple forms evolved, and how it has interacted with every part of life over the centuries, right up to present-day globalization.
          The Artilect War: Cosmists Vs. Terrans: A Bitter Controversy Concerning Whether Humanity Should Build Godlike Massively Intelligent Machines
          Average customer rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
          • Overblown, maybe. Or maybe not.
          • food for thought but motives questionnable
          • Fantasy For The Most Part....I Hope!
          • Farfetched
          • disappointed
          The Artilect War: Cosmists Vs. Terrans: A Bitter Controversy Concerning Whether Humanity Should Build Godlike Massively Intelligent Machines
          Hugo de Garis
          Manufacturer: ETC Publications
          ProductGroup: Book
          Binding: Paperback

          EthicsEthics | Business Life | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books
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          5. Mind Children: The Future of Robot and Human Intelligence Mind Children: The Future of Robot and Human Intelligence

          ASIN: 0882801546

          Book Description

          This book's main idea is that this century's global politics will be dominated by the "species dominance" issue. 21st century technologies will enable the building of artilects (artificial intellects, artificial intelligences, massively intelligent machines) with 1040 components, using reversible, heatless, 3D, molecular scale, self assembling, one bit per atom, nano-teched, quantum computers, which may dwarf human intelligence levels by a factor of trillions of trillions and more.

          The question that will dominate global politics this century will be whether humanity should or should not build these artilects. Those in favor of building them are called "Cosmists" in this book, due to their "cosmic" perspective. Those opposed to building them are called "Terrans," as in "terra," the Earth, which is their perspective. The Cosmists will want to build artilects, amongst other reasons, because to them it will be a religion, a scientist's religion that is compatible with modern scientific knowledge.

          The Cosmists will feel that humanity has a duty to serve as the stepping-stone towards building the next dominant rung of the evolutionary ladder. Not to do so would be a tragedy on a cosmic scale to them. The Cosmists will claim that stopping such an advance will be counter to human nature, since human beings have always striven to extend their boundaries. Another Cosmist argument is that once the artificial brain based computer market dominates the world economy, economic and political forces in favor of building advanced artilects will be almost unstoppable. The Cosmists will include some of the most powerful, the richest, and the most brilliant of the Earth's citizens, who will devote their enormous abilities to seeing that the artilects get built. A similar argument applies to the military and its use of intelligent weaponry. Neither the commercial nor the military sectors will be willing to give up artilect research unless they are subjected to extreme Terran pressure.

          To the Terrans, building artilects will mean taking the risk that the latter may one day decide to exterminate human beings, either deliberately or through indifference. The only certain way to avoid such a risk is not to build them in the first place. The Terrans will argue that human beings will fear the rise of increasingly intelligent machines and their alien differences. To build artilects will require an "evolutionary engineering" approach. The resulting complexities of the evolved structures that underlie the artilects will be too great for human beings to be able to predict the behaviors and attitudes of the artilects towards human beings. The Terrans will be prepared to destroy the Cosmists, even on a distant Cosmist colony, if the Cosmists go ahead with an advanced artilect building program.

          In the short to middle term, say the next 50 years or so, the artificial brain based industries will flourish, providing products that are very useful and very popular with the public, such as teacher robots, conversation robots, household cleaner robots, etc. In time, the world economy will be based on such products. Any attempt to stop the development of increasingly intelligent artilects will be very difficult, because the economic and political motivation to continue building them will be very strong in certain circles. If the brain-based computer industries were to stop their research and development into artilects, then many powerful individuals, including the artilect company presidents and certain politicians will lose big money and political influence. They will not give up their status without a fight.

          However, as the intelligence levels of the early artilects increases, it will become obvious to everyone that the intelligence gap between these artificial-brain-based products and human beings is narrowing. This will create a growing public anxiety. Eventually, some nasty incident or series of incidents will galvanize most of society against further increase of artificial intelligence in the artilects, leading to the establishment of a global ban on artilect research.

          The Cosmists however, will oppose a ban on the development of more intelligent artilects, and will probably go underground. If the incidents continue and are negative enough, the anger and hatred of the Terrans towards the Cosmists will increase to the point where the Cosmists may decide that their fate is to leave the Earth, an option that is quite realistic with 21st century technology.

          Since the Cosmists will include some of the most brilliant and economically powerful people on the planet, they will probably create an elite conspiratorial organization whose aim is to build artilects secretly.

          The book presents a scenario in which the Cosmists create an asteroid-based colony, masked by some innocuous activity. In reality, this secret society devises a weapon system superior to the best on the Earth. With their wealth and the best human brains, this may be achievable. They will also start making advanced artilects. If the Terrans on the Earth discover the true intentions of the Cosmists, they will probably want to destroy them, but not dare to because of the counter threat of the Cosmists with their more advanced weapons. The stage is thus set for a major 21st century war in which billions of people die - "gigadeath."

          This horrific number is derived from an extrapolation up the graph of the number of deaths in major wars from the beginning of the 19th century to the end of the 21st century. Approximately 200 million people died in the 20th century, for political reasons -- wars, purges, genocides, etc.

          The profound schizophrenia that the author feels on the Cosmist/Terran species dominance issue will be felt by millions of people within a few years he expects. There is probably Cosmist and Terran in nearly all of us, which may explain why this issue is so divisive. The author is simply one of the first to feel this schizophrenia. Within a decade it may be all over the planet.

          The last chapter of the book closes with a repetition of a pithy slogan that summarizes the two main viewpoints in the artilect debate in a nutshell; a debate that the author believes will be raging in the coming decades.

          "Do we build gods, or do we build our potential exterminators?"

          Customer Reviews:

          3 out of 5 stars Overblown, maybe. Or maybe not........2007-03-27

          The author argues that one day soon, humanity will divide into two warring camps: those who favor the development of superintelligent computers (which he calls Artilects--short for artificial intellects) and the humans who oppose this development. His thesis is that the opposers will so strongly fear the possibility that the artilects will exterminate humans that they will do anything to prevent their development--even waging all-out war against the humans who favor their development. He asserts that the result of this war will be nearly a total annihilation of humanity. The book takes up all manner of counterarguments and bats them down. The oddity is that the author claims to be a developer of these artilects who is genuinely conflicted about which camp he should belong in. Yet he can't bring himself to suppress the inventions he is working on that will help bring about the catastrophe he predicts. So rather than stop the work, he writes the book as a form of penance: "Stop me before my science runs amok and kills off our species--but if you don't, I'm having a wonderful time stroking my ego as one of the foremost cybernetic thinkers and doers of our time--which may well be the end-times of our species!" One argument he doesn't deal with is what happens if nobody pays much attention to the development of artilects--which, after all, won't just be sitting around philosophizing: they'll be put to work running our air traffic system, our energy grid, and all manner of other vital functions. By the time the potential enemies of the artilects take their eyes off Britney and other pop-culture distractions, it will be too late to stop the artilect supporters or the artilects themselves. At that point, we will just have to hope the artilects are sufficiently amused by our antics not to exterminate us. This, by the way, would be before they build themselves some space vehicles and depart on an exploration of the universe, where they'll find a way to tap into the power supplies of many different suns, so they won't be dependent on any one solar system for their survival--thus achieving immortality.

          2 out of 5 stars food for thought but motives questionnable.......2007-02-13

          De Garis argues that the ability to build 'Godlike massively intelligent machines', which he believes will be achieved sometime this century, will produce a global schism between those of us pro (Cosmists) and those of us against (Terrans) the utilisation of such technology. The result will be global war between the opposing camps, with the use of the vastly advanced weaponry which will then be available leading to what he describes as 'gigadeath'. Whether such a prophesy is realistic or purely in the realms of science fiction is debatable - the problem I have is with the motives behind de Garis writing the book the first place. De Garis tries to portray himself as a Cosmist with a conscience - he is definitely in the 'pro' camp (he is a prominent figure in the field of Artificial Intelligence and currently working on building 'brain machines'), but confesses to being tormented by nightmares of what his work may result in. To appease his conscience, de Garis therefore has published this book as a warning against what his work may lead to. I find this attitude very difficult to swallow. Considering the potential consquences of his work - the end of humanity - if de Garis has even the slightest moral doubt he should postpone his work and focus on resolving the ethical implications first. On the other hand, if he truly believes in his quest - which he compares to a religious one - he should just quietly go ahead with his work. But what de Garis is effectively doing is saying "I'm going to build something that will kill your grandchilden - try and stop me!". What is allegedly an attempt to raise public awareness comes across more as an attempt to raise de Garis's own profile.

          3 out of 5 stars Fantasy For The Most Part....I Hope!.......2006-07-17

          This book is largely a one man debate by A.I. researcher Hugo de Garis on whether we should build massively intelligent machines later in the 21st century. Hugo presents to us a new vocabulary: artilect means artificial intellect, cosmist means those people in favor of building artilects, and terrans are against building artilects. Garis, by his own admission, describes himself as a cosmist, with misgivings, as this future technology gives him pause to reflect on it's awesome power, and whether it will be safe to build them, as regards to human safety and survivability. Consider this: an advanced artilect could easily have a mind trillions of times more powerful than a human mind, thus they may consider us vermin fit to be exterminated! Garis presents many arguments from both the cosmist and terran viewpoints. He also writes that it will be almost impossible to prevent artilects from being built. Garis believes that the primary global political question of this century will be which species will be dominant, human or artilect?

          Well, Garis is much too negative for me. For a more positive spin on all of this you could read THE SINGULARITY IS NEAR by Ray Kurzweil. In his book Kurzweil writes that advanced artificial intelligences could be designed to be friendly to humans (Garis disagrees) and probably will respect their creators. Between these two books I consider Kurzweil's book to be the far superior, with many references. Garis is too self-congratulatory for my taste, and I personally believe the whole cosmist-terran debate as presented by Garis to be a non-issue. Artilects will arrive among us in a gradual way as very useful devices, and eventually become conscious beings in and of themselves, and we will be glad to have them around. I do agree with Garis on one point, however, and that is that advanced A.I. and it's applications will come to dominate 21st century economics.

          3 out of 5 stars Farfetched.......2006-01-23

          If one examines the history of research into artificial intelligence (AI), one will see it to be one of periods of incredible optimism as well as periods of extreme pessimism. Funding for research into AI, both private and public, is partly responsible for this. But the researchers themselves bear a certain measure of responsibility for the wild swings that have marked the history of AI. It seems that as soon as something is invented that appears promising or "intelligent" it is shortly thereafter abandoned as being "trivial" or uninteresting. Researchers always seem willing to go along with this unfortunately, even though they have indeed made significant progress in certain areas. Once an algorithm or reasoning pattern is understood, its status as `intelligent' is taken away and it is thereafter viewed as `just another part of the programming toolbox'. There is strong evidence, coming mostly from the commercial realm, that truly intelligent machines exist and are saving and making companies hundreds of millions of dollars in their deployment in the field. This intelligence is however not noticed or recognized as such. It is viewed merely as software that is `running' on the machines, complex yes, but not really different than `ordinary' software that has been used for decades now. If this pattern continues, then no matter how intelligent machines get they will not be viewed as being so. Their human users will therefore not be intimidated by or even impressed by them. They will become accepted just like any other piece of technology, usually taken for granted, although at times becoming an annoyance due to their need for repair and adjustment (this need becoming more critical as their complexity increases).

          When this book is read with this in mind its main thesis, namely that there will sometime in the relatively near future be a controversy over the building of `massively' intelligent machines, completely dissolves. The author believes that sometime in the second half of the twenty-first century, humanity will divide itself into two camps. One of these, called the `Cosmists', will advocate the building of what the author calls `artilects', which are "massively" intelligent machines. The other camp, called the `Terrans', is strongly opposed to the building of these types of machines. The tension between these two groups will become so extreme the author argues, that it will result in a full-scale war between them, resulting in the deaths of millions of people.

          In the book the author details his reasons for believing that this will happen, and he even discusses his own anxieties on the possibility of massively intelligent machines. The author is a noted expert in machine intelligence, especially in the fields of evolutionary computing and evolvable hardware. Therefore when a researcher like the author makes the claims he does it motivates the reader to examine his arguments in more detail. It is apparent when reading the book that these arguments have been carefully thought out, even though at times, because of the Cosmist-Terran terminology, the reading sometimes appears sophomoric or science-fictional in quality.

          The claims made in this book would have more credibility if progress in artificial intelligence could be modeled by large discrete jumps. Central to its claim is that there will arrive a time at which both `Cosmists' and `Terrans' agree that superintelligent machines can be realized or manufactured. The apprehension felt by the Terrans will motivate them to try and suppress this realization, this behavior putting them squarely against the Cosmists. This conflict will escalate into full-scale war, fought with highly advanced and destructive technology.

          But progress in AI is basically a smooth function of time, and there has been progress, despite the extreme skepticism of many individuals (most of these, again, being AI researchers themselves). Like any other field, some of the ideas in AI have not been fruitful, and have fallen by the wayside. Advances in AI have been steady, and the advances, as well as its applications are rapidly accelerating. The use of intelligent machines has become routine, so routine in fact that it is not really noticed. One can expect this trend to continue, and researchers twenty years from now will no doubt think that real intelligence has not yet been achieved. The bar will then get raised again. All the while the machines are performing useful functions and will exist in complete symbiosis with the humans around them. However, there will still be anxiety about the future arrival of superintelligent machines. It may take a while, probably till the end of the twenty-first century, for this anxiety to alleviate. Historians of technology in the first year of the twenty-second century will no doubt look back at this one and be perplexed as to why AI progress was not really part of the consciousness of those who were involved in it. These same historians will also feel another emotion when they study the developments of twenty-first century technology, including artificial intelligence:

          Astonishment

          2 out of 5 stars disappointed.......2005-09-02

          My expectations were not met by this offering. Before finding the book on amazon I had quite a hunt to find it. Very early in the read I was first turned off by Mr. de Garis' penchant for stressing how much he simplifies things for us non-scientists. Ok, so thats kind of personal. His work is so interesting and the possibilities are astounding, but I think his expectation that a) cosmists and terrans will likely eradicate each other and b) that super intelligent machines will probably eradicate humans poorly explained. Anyway, all in all, if the reader has never foraged into this area its worth it for the exposure.
          Great Jobs for Liberal Arts Majors
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            Great Jobs for Liberal Arts Majors
            Blythe Camenson
            Manufacturer: McGraw-Hill
            ProductGroup: Book
            Binding: Paperback

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            ASIN: 0658017667

            Book Description

            Great Jobs for Liberal Arts Majors helps students explore career options within their field of study. From assessing individual talents and skills to taking the necessary steps to land a job, every aspect of identifying and getting started in a career choice is covered. Readers learn to explore their options, target an ideal career, present a major as an asset to a job, perfect a job search, and follow through and get results.

            Download Description

            Great Jobs for Liberal Arts Majors helps students explore career options within their field of study. From assessing individual talents and skills to taking the necessary steps to land a job, every aspect of identifying and getting started in a career choice is covered. Readers learn to explore their options, target an ideal career, present a major as an asset to a job, perfect a job search, and follow through and get results.
            Keys to Liberal Arts Success
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              Keys to Liberal Arts Success
              Howard E. Figler , Carol Carter , Joyce Bishop , Sarah Kravits , and Sarah Lyman Kravits
              Manufacturer: Prentice Hall
              ProductGroup: Book
              Binding: Paperback

              Human Resources & Personnel ManagementHuman Resources & Personnel Management | Industries & Professions | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books
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              ASIN: 0130304832

              Books:

              1. Natural Resource Conservation: Management for a Sustainable Future (9th Edition)
              2. No Logo: No Space, No Choice, No Jobs
              3. No Logo: No Space, No Choice, No Jobs
              4. Organization Theory and Design
              5. Organizational Dimensions of Global Change: No Limits to Cooperation (Human Dimensions of Global Change series)
              6. Practical Business Ethics
              7. Primates and Philosophers: How Morality Evolved (The University Center for Human Values Series)
              8. Principles of Corporate Finance + Student CD + Ethics in Finance PowerWeb + Standard and Poor's (McGraw-Hill/Irwin Series in Finance, Insurance, and Real Est)
              9. Professionalism in Health Care: A Primer for Career Success (2nd Edition) (PROFESSIONALISM IN HEALTH CARE)
              10. Proven Strategies in Competitive Intelligence: Lessons from the Trenches

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