Under His Very Windows: The Vatican and the Holocaust in Italy

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Under His Very Windows: The Vatican and the Holocaust in Italy describes what the Vatican did--or did not do--to help Jews in Italy in World War II. Author Susan Zuccotti, who has written two other books about the Holocaust, demonstrates that little help of any kind came from Popes Pius XI and XII or their senior officials. She finds that the most significant gestures of help offered by the Church to Jews in Italy were made by clerics and believers--mostly nuns, monks, and priests--uninvolved in top-level Vatican discussions. By 1942, the pope "knew and believed a great deal about the exterminations." In 1943, when Germans took control of northern and central Italy and attempted to exterminate the region's Jewish population, the Vatican knew very clearly the magnitude of the genocide. The Vatican's silence, Zuccotti argues, still resonates in the Church's statements about the Holocaust today.

The Church has not yet completed the process of dealing honestly with its history during the Holocaust. It has not yet made clear whether popes and high Vatican officials are to be included among its sons and daughters in every age who sometimes committed regrettable errors.

Zuccotti's research ranges wide, from the anti-Jewish tone of Jesuit publications in the years leading up to World War II to contemporary interviews with Holocaust survivors. Her book is a significant addition to a chapter of Christian history that the Church has still to reckon with. --Michael Joseph Gross

Book Description

What did Pius XII do to aid Jews during World War II? This meticulously researched and balanced book examines efforts on behalf of Jews in Italy, the country where the pope was in a position to be most helpful. It finds that despite a persistent myth to the contrary, Pius XII and his assistants at the Vatican did very little. Winner of the 2000 National Jewish Book Award in the Jewish-Christian Relations category

Customer Reviews:

Worse Than Hitler's Pope!.......2005-08-13

I read this book as part of my Honours research project into the Vatican's diplomacy with Nazi Germany. I was told that John Cornwell's "Hitler's Pope", despite the accolades and the best seller status, was a poor piece of academic work, a thesis which Cornwell himself eventually recanted (See the reference in The Economist, http://www.economist.com/books/displayStory.cfm?story_id=3471137).
Indeed it was so poorly researched that even critics of Pius XII did not take the book seriously.

Zucotti's work, the other hand, is a somewhat more valuable resource, as she has rather detailed references to primary documents in her endnotes. Indeed some have their contents spelled out quite extensively in the body.

However, such referencing, buttressed by her award winning status as a holocaust author, creates a veneer of credibility, a smokescreen behind which Zucotti expresses her obvious contempt for Pius XII. This is largely done through her highly selective use of quotes from the primary sources.

Zucotti commits the Cardinal (no pun intended) sin for all historians, begin with a conclusion, use the documents that prove that conclusion right, and either ignore or dismiss the rest. Such an approach runs right through the book.

Where a quote is used that is or can be construed to be critical of Pius XII, she would quote it to the fullest. Where primary documents mention the opposite (and my research showed there were plenty of them), she automatically dismisses the authors of said documents, many of which were eyewitnesses to the things that Zucotti keeps asserting Pius XII did not do, without any justification whatsoever. She uses absolute pearlers in dismissing those authors, such as the classic "He (the eyewitness) should have known better".

Zucotti also uses an artifically narrow criteria to determine the credibility of certain hypotheses put forward by defenders. She demands that documentary evidence be availabe, otherwise it did not happen. Normally it would be a fair criterion, but in the context of an occupation by the most deadly war-machine in the world, the existence of such documents would have placed the possessor and/or author of those documents, and anyone associated with them, in grave danger.

Does Zucotti accept this? Instead she demands that someone with the intelligence to forsee that decades ahead, someone would question the reputation of Pius XII, and accordingly safekeep any written instructions from him. This retrospective projection is by far, the most unreasonable claim for any Historian to make.

In sum, I would say, use Zucotti for her references (for they are quite good), but never subscribe to her silly dismissals, her retrospection and outrageous thesis. For something more balanced on the critical side of this debate see Guenter Lewy's "The Catholic Church and the Holocaust". For the contra, see Ronald Rychlak's "Hitler, the War and the Pope".

Read this book first: best review of the subject so far!.......2001-08-23

Having read several recent books on this subject, I find that an author's bias is reflected in his/her writing more on this issue than perhaps on any other. This is particularly striking in the recent Rychlak book ("Hitler, the War, and the Pope") which is unabashed propaganda, veiled thinly or not at all. Even the more objective Cornwell book ("Hitler's Pope"), although it supports the opposite side of the debate, has occasional undertones of prejudice.

In contrast to these and some other authors, Zuccotti presents her arguments by giving fair consideration to both sides of the issue. Her fine scholarship is evident throughout this entire study, which is meticulously annotated and documented, but her writing is directed to general readers of history, rather than to her professional peers. The book makes for very enjoyable reading on this painfully tragic subject.

Anyone who is interested in reading about Eugenio Pacelli (Pope Pius XII) and his efforts--or lack thereof--to reduce or even address the persecution of European Jews before and during World War II should begin with this book.

sheltered.......2001-04-26

The author must be a young person, who has led a relatively sheltered life. Anyone who was there knows that the Resistance, by its very nature, worked in secret. For example, the author failed to thoroughly research the Asissi Underground. Under the Pope's order to the bishop, Jews arrived there from Rome, were sheltered in convents and monasteries, provided with false identities, and smuggled to Genoa for passage on neutral ships. In the RC church of those days, obedience was paramount. Orders always came from above. No one would lift the cloister without Papal permission, even to shelter Jews. Ms. Zuccotti ignores the tragedy of Hitler's predictable reprisals. Whenever church leaders spoke publicly against persecution of Jews, as in the Netherlands, more Jews were rounded up and sent to extermination camps. The Pope did speak out as much as possible, as documented by the New York Times, noting his was "the only voice." At the time, few countries, including the USA, would accept Jewish refugees. All U.S. ports refused to let the St. Louis dock here, sending Jewish passengers back to Europe and death. Only false identity papers and Catholic baptismal certificates, provided by the Church at the Pope's order, allowed Jews to sail to neutral countries. The author fails to explain why the ranks of the Swiss Guard in the Vatican suddenly swelled, or why so many Jews were camped out in the subterranean depths of the Pope's summer residence at Castelgandolfo. These numbers are all documented. She also ignores the testimony of the Chief Rabbi of Rome concerning the Pope's help. When Hitler demanded gold from the Jewish Community in exchange for their lives, it was the Pope who offered to make up the shortage. Has she actually read Rabbi Zolli's book "Before the Dawn"? The wisdom of experience with the true evil of the powerful Nazi regime is missing from this book, and renders it rather sophomoric.

Not so very complicated.......2001-04-12

Everything that needs to be understood about the issues involved were summed up in the actions of the Chief Rabbi of Rome in the aftermath of the war. I found no discussion of same here. Perhaps recent generations don't understand that Italy was allied to Germany; the Vatican contribution, given this, was astonishing in its quiet - but determined - humanitarian integrity. The Nazis, too, had a church. The church in Germany had windows under which Ms Zucotti might more profitably gaze.

A meticulously-researched and balanced account.......2001-04-11

Pope Pius XII has often been criticized for his silence during the extermination of European Jewry during World War II. In his defense, some have alleged that the pope was doing a great deal to help the Jews but that his efforts were necessarily behind the scenes. This meticulously researched and balanced book examines exactly what the pope, his advisers, and his assistants at the Vatican Secretariat of State did to help the Jews of Italy. It finds that they did very little.The book begins by discussing prewar Vatican and Jesuit publications, in which Zuccotti uncovers a hitherto little-known prevalence of anti-Jewish sentiment. These publications, along with archival documents, indicate that Vatican protests against Italian anti-Jewish laws were limited to measures affecting converts and Jews in mixed marriages with Catholics, as was help with emigration; the papal nuncio's visits to foreign Jews in Italian internment camps did not differ from those to non-Jews and in no way eased their material discomfort; and interventions by diplomats of the Holy See for Jews threatened with deportation were rare, always polite, and seldom decisive. Above all, Zuccotti finds no evidence of a papal directive to church institutions to shelter Jews and much evidence to suggest that the pope remained uninvolved. The notion that Pius XII was outstandingly benevolent and helpful to Jews behind the scenes proves to be a myth.

Window of Time: A Story (White Main Kids)

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Time Windows

Window of Time: A Story (White Main Kids)
Karen Weinberg
Manufacturer: White Mane Publishing Company
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0942597184

Book Description

Ben really did not run away from home. He was still in the neighborhood, only it was 125 years earlier in time and the Battle of Gettysburg was about to begin! Ben learned that what he was seeing was not a television play, but his town at its most historic moment.
Fortunately, a local boy, Joseph, found Ben and made him his friend. Soon Ben learned that he was in the Civil War.

Customer Reviews:

Time Windows.......2000-09-06

As Miranda peered through the old-fashioned dollhouse's windows, a little girl with blonde hair appeared. She was bouncing a red-and-blue ball and trying to hit it with a wooden paddle. Her striped blue dress and puffed sleeves depicted the fashion of the nineteenth century. Miranda was shocked to see this in the dollhouse. She realized that the dollhouse was not the usual dollhouse but a portkey to the past. When Miranda moved to her new house, she tried to solve a problem that happened to a previous owner of the house. Her only connecion to the past was the dollhouse.

Book Description

Forgotten Faces - A Window Into Our Immigrant Past reveals, for the first time, lost American history encapsulated in a beautiful but neglected art form. Forgotten Faces is the first book to explore memorial portraiture as a distinctive art form and acknowledge its contribution to our country's valued history. In doing so, it reveals a never-before-published photo-panorama of American immigration at the turn of the twentieth century.

Forgotten Faces presents a first-ever collection of over 350 well-preserved photo-ceramic memorial portraits. The beginning of a series titled, Forgotten Faces - America's Lost History, it demonstrates how a similarly beautiful collection of memorial portraits awaits discovery and exhibition from every major city in the United States.

Photo-Ceramic memorial portraits are photographs of the deceased mounted directly on their tombstones. They are made of ceramics the quality of the finest china but made to last outdoors for centuries. This edition now includes 10 pages of color plates - including rare images of immigrants from 28 different nations. It includes examples from Colma, California's historic Holy Cross and Italian cemeteries as well as other U.S. and European locations.

Forgotten Faces details the technology, history and cultural influence of memorial portraits as both art and artifact. Forgotten Faces alerts readers to the fact these treasured artifacts are vanishing from our heritage and recommends methods for documenting them before they disappear.

Customer Reviews:

California immigrant history brought to life!.......2006-03-12

Galleys and unfinished titles typically aren't mentioned here but keep an eye out for the finished version of FORGOTTEN FACES: A WINDOW NTO OUR IMMIGRANT PAST: it's a unique coverage of photo-ceramic memorial grave portraits and provides an outstanding survey of memorial portraiture as its own art form. This could have been mentioned under our art review section but is featured here for its important cultural insights as well: California immigrant history comes to life in an outstanding visual and written survey of a unique art and memorial form which should not be missed.

Explores a unique aspect of America's history .......2005-02-06

Forgotten Faces explores a unique aspect of America's history - the photo-ceramic memorial portraits upon tombstones, long-forgotten art in plain sight. Black-and-white photographs througout reveal the skill and emotion behind these images, which remain perfectly preserved despite ornamenting tombstones for almost a century. The text discusses epitaphs and inscriptions on the tombstones with the portraits, as well as surveying what is known about the men and women whose likenesses have been captured to heartrending perfection. Images of immigrants from 28 nations from cemeteries in various American and European locations combine to create a unique cross-section of photographic art and history combined.

A Unique Glimpse Into Past Lives.......2004-07-23

Forgotten Faces offers a surprisingly detailed look into our history. The text is easily read. Although the portraits are the heart of the book, the author's descriptions and insights enliven the images.
I was impressed by the breadth of knowledge about the portraits. Questions I had while reading were often answered in a following chapter. The book is a pleasantly thorough treatment of a little known area of our history.
This book has left me with a new outlook on memorials in general and with a hope that around the country further research into these memorial portraits will be undertaken.

Window on a War: An Anthropologist in the Vietnam Conflict (Modern Southeast Asia Series)

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The Futility of Being a Civilian at time of War
Hickey doesn't tell all & doesn't explain why he remained
One of the best books I have ever read!

Window on a War: An Anthropologist in the Vietnam Conflict (Modern Southeast Asia Series)
Gerald Cannon Hickey
Manufacturer: Texas Tech University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0896724905

Customer Reviews:

The Futility of Being a Civilian at time of War .......2005-12-13

"Window on a War" is the autobiography of anthropologist Gerald C. Hickey and his work in Vietnam, especially among the Montagnards, from 1956-1973. Hickey is probably the preminent world expert on the Montagnards, the peoples of the Central Highlands of Vietnam.

Hickey devotes most of the book to his impressions of Vietnam, its people, and what went wrong with the American war effort there. His advice on how to win "hearts and minds" among the Vietnamese farmers and Montagnards was mostly ignored. Would it have made a difference if he been heeded? Hard to say, but his observations ring true. One of the most startling assertions he makes is that the American government sought a military victory from the beginning of the conflict and blocked efforts of Vietnamese nationalists to reach a typical Vietnamese solution of accomodation. The assassination of President Ngo Dinh Diem in 1963, in Hickey's view, made continued civil war certain. Robert MacNamara wanted it that way, he asserts. Hickey, however, was no simple-minded war protester, but rather a patriot who observed more in sorrow than in anger the failure of the American effort to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam.

Hickey throws darts at a number of people in the course of the book, including iconic figures like Daniel Ellsberg and John Paul Vann. That keeps the book interesting. He writes eloquently about his own experiences under fire, especially the communist attack on the outpost at Nam Dong in 1964. This is as good a piece of war reporting as you will find anywhere.

Hickey briefly describes what has happened in Vietnam since his departure in 1973, especially the plight of the Montagnards. He also describes being ostracized by his alma mater, the University of Chicago, because he worked for the RAND Corporation, a Defense contractor, in Vietnam. This is a thoughtful and provocative book that should be read by all those who go to war or plan to go to war. Winning often has little to do with military victories.

Smallchief

Hickey doesn't tell all & doesn't explain why he remained.......2004-08-26

As one who lived through many of the scenes depicted here I grew tired of Gerald Hickey's slowness in supposedly coming late to realize that the CIA, Pentagon, Special Forces, White House and Rand wasn't going to use his informaiton for peace. All of us who were there knew this was the case, why didn't he? He was betrayed so many times early on in this book that it seems obvious that his research was never going to be used for peace, so it was instead used for war.

One of the best books I have ever read!.......2003-07-04

If you only read one book about the war in Vietnam, read this one! Dr. Hickey's participation in the defense of the Nam Dong Special Forces camp had me sitting on the edge of my chair. That was the true nature of combat in Vietnam, some of which I experienced personally, but not with that intensity. More important are Dr. Hickey's brilliant descriptions of the lifestyles and attitudes of the many cultures which comprise the intricate social and political structure of Vietnam. The many missed opportunities for a just peace without the sacrifice of so many American soldiers make this book a "must read" for all who value peace.

Footprints at the Window (York Trilogy, 3)

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Reaching the end

Footprints at the Window (York Trilogy, 3)
Phyllis Reynolds Naylor
Manufacturer: Aladdin
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Faces in the Water (York Trilogy, 2)

ASIN: 068984963X

Book Description

In this conclusion to the York Trilogy, is Dan closer to answering his questions, and discovering who left the footprints at the window?

Dan has had enough of the uncertainty surrounding his life these days. While he may not be able to change his family's troubling secret, he intends to put a stop to his encounters with mysterious gypsies -- both in the present and the past.

By summoning the gypsies to join him, Dan is once again propelled into the past, this time to the era of the Black Death. Will Dan survive the widespread disaster that threatens to destroy the world as he knows it? And if so, will it change him forever?

Dan's journey begins with Shadows on the Wall and continues with Faces in the Water.

Customer Reviews:

Reaching the end.......2002-07-08

Phyllis Ann Naylor's haunting York trilogy dips back into time travel and the haunting presence of the gypsy family. Though it doesn't answer all the questions, "Footprints at the Window" gives a note of finality to this trilogy.

It's been a stressful summer for Dan: He's found that Huntington's Disease runs in his family and may strike him down when he's in his forties, his father is being tested, and he is haunted by magpies and visions of the Faws, gypsies, whom he encountered in York -- even to the point of being drawn back into the waning days of the Roman Empire. Now a family of gypsies has come to the land near where his grandmother lives, and it's making Dan nervous.

What he finds is seemingly another Faw family, a few years down the line and with radically different names. And while trying to help the girl Oriole -- who bears a striking resemblance to Orlenda -- Dan is drawn back in time. Now it's the Middle-Ages, during the time of the Black Death, and he is the only person to recover from the disease. He encounters another incarnation of the Faw family, and for the second time tries to help the beautiful Orlenda escape to safety. What will happen will change Dan's life forever...

Perhaps the only flaw of this trilogy is that in the third book, some of the threads are left dangling. For example, I was never entirely sure why it is that Joe, Dan, and the Faws are repeatedly featured in the past; the implication seems to be that they were reincarnated, especially since Blossom refers to her grandfather being the exact image of Ambrose Faw.

Naylor hasn't lost her talent for atmosphere, either between the characters or in a given place. Dan shows a plausible growth in character, and a new philosophical bent that he did not have in the first book. This new maturity is reflected in his actions in the Middle-Ages and his increased acceptance of "what will come will come."

As the story progresses, we also see that it is less a story about gypsies, past lives or incarnations, or time travel, but rather a story about Dan and the inner struggles that are brought into focus and greater clarity by the events of the trilogy. Gratifyingly, there is also a note both of finality and of "starting again" in this book, a wistful acceptance, and a very real sense that sometimes a thing like Huntington's Disease can't be predicted.

Book Description

The Nazis come to Poland when Nelly is six. By the time she turns eight, the events of World War II have taken almost everyone she loves. Scared, lonely, and running from the Nazis, Nelly hides in the bedroom of a Gentile couple in Poland. For over a year, she lives in fear of discovery, writing in her diary and painting pictures of a fantasy world filled with open skies and happy families. Illustrated with Nelly's original watercolors, this powerful memoir tells the true story of how a little girl's imagination helped her survive a nightmare.

Customer Reviews:

Behind The Secret Story.......2006-11-22

In _Behind The Secret Window_ by Nellie Toll, the message that the story has to offer is that life can knock you down sometimes, but most importantly you can't let life keep you down. Nelly is a small girl who is hiding from the Nazis during World War Two. The Nazis take her two siblings, aunt, father, and is really unhappy. Throughout the book she realizes that being unhappy won't help her during this dificult time. Instead she starts believing that one day her loved ones will return. Nelly finally benefits from this by making it through the war alive and finally seeking freedom. This book gives you the best of advice and messages you could ever find for difficult hardhsips and advice.

behind a secret window by nelly S. toll a reveiw by angela .......2005-06-21

This book is a memory of Nelly Toll's childhood experiences during World War II. She battled so many things none of us could imagine. She lost very much during the war but always had hope.
The main characters in this book are Nelly, her mother, and pani pan Wotjek. (They are Christians willing to hide them).
This book takes place mostly in Poland 1943-1944. She also goes to Hungary. She spends most of these two years living indoors.
It's a very in-depth look at the war. To me it seems almost fictional. It's amazing how much she remembers about how she felt.

The little girl who went though every thing.......2004-05-19

This book is about a girl. She is about 7 when the Nazis come and invade her town. Now she is 8 and her dad has left or "disappered". Her maids have been taken away, and the soldiers are takeing her stuff from her so they can give the stuff to other kids in thier country. She is so mortived! It is now her and her mom. They move to her aunt's appartment. And then something happens that you have to read the book to find out. By the end of the book the little girl is left alone with her alful thoughts of the horrible things that the soldiers do to the people that live in her town. So all she can do is paint pictures of what she thinks of all the things that are going on around her. This is a book that every one needs to read.

Behind my secret window.......2004-05-14

The story Behind the secret window was a good book.It's about a girl named Nelly Toll who was six years old. Nelly said she could remeber every thing that had happened.She said by the time she was eight that the world war two had destroyed her live. But she said that to ease her pain she wrote in her diary. She said that was better then thinking of her parents dining in the war. My oppion is that this was a great book. Try to read it.

Touching..........2000-05-13

We were given a World War II book report in English. I chose this book over Anne Frank. The way Nelly Toll told her story, it made you feel as if you were there, hiding in a small room, waiting for the Gestapo to leave, and praying that they don't find you. Even though her family was hunted by the German army, the Nazis, she continued to read, and write, and paint. Though the story has a sweet, and happy ending, sadness does lurk behind it. I highly recommend this book!

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Whale of a Tale: Windows Version
Inc. Texas Caviar
Manufacturer: Texas Caviar, Inc.
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: CD-ROM
ASIN: 0967694531

Book Description

When Ernest the orca swallows a book by accident in his breakfast, it begins a journey for answers about who won the Great War. Along the way, Ernest learns about asking questions and friendship too from a lively cast of sea animals. Companion learning activities explore World War 1, music of Tin Pan Alley, inventions,language arts, whales, and friendship. Games include nautical knot-tying and sea sounds. Full CD-audio soundtrack. Ages 5-10

Stars in the Window: A True Story of Homelife During WWII - The War on the Home Front

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Stars in the Window: A True Story of Homelife During WWII - The War on the Home Front
Jean Bradford Kline
Manufacturer: AuthorHouse
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 1420890913

Book Description

"Stars in the Window," by Jean Bradford Kline is a historical adventure of one family''s experiences on the WWII Home Front during the seemingly unstoppable attack on America's freedom by the German and Japanese war machines. It is a true account of what it was like to live in a small town and farm in the midwest, filled with humor, colorful events, hard work, and old-fashioned patriotism. Behind every service person was an anxious family who gave unwavering support to loved ones and their President. As men volunteered or were drafted, their wives, mothers and girlfriends rushed to fill their vacated jobs and many new ones. They tightened their belts, donned bandannas and jeans and became experts in all lines of endeavor. This important saga of the War on the Home Front has not been explored or documented in eye-opening detail in any other book. It is masterfully written through the eyes of a young girl who saw four of her brothers go off to war.

By eastern windows;: The story of a battle of souls and minds in the prison camps of Sumatra

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By eastern windows;: The story of a battle of souls and minds in the prison camps of Sumatra
William H McDougall
Manufacturer: C. Scribner's sons
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding

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'Ladies, Please Don't Smash These Windows': Women's Writing, Feminist Consciousness and Social Change 1918-38 (Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Women)

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'Ladies, Please Don't Smash These Windows': Women's Writing, Feminist Consciousness and Social Change 1918-38 (Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Women)
Maroula Joannou
Manufacturer: Berg Publishers
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 1859730221

Book Description

This thought-provoking study offers a radically new perspective on the literature of the interwar period. Writing from a feminist-materialist perspective, the author examines novels of sensibility, domestic fictions, lesbian writing, autobiography, speculative fiction and anti-fascist writing by Virginia Woolf, Rebecca West, Rosamond Lehmann, Radclyffe Hall and many others. Maroula Joannou provides an incisive, scholarly and accessible feminist critique of the masculinist assumptions about literature of the 1920s and 1930s which have passed without adequate critical scrutiny.

Selected for the CHOICE list of Outstanding Academic Books for 1995 (Choice current reviews for Academic Libraries)

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